Philodendron care and facts
Scientific division
Philodendron belongs to the family Araceae, the cold-loving plants, and includes over 450 species. The genus is very diverse and consists of both climbing and free-standing species. Some common varieties in cultivation are Philodendron hederaceum , often called heart philodendron, Philodendron gloriosum with large velvety leaves and clear white veins, Philodendron melanochrysum with its long, narrow dark green leaves, and Philodendron bipinnatifidum which develops deeply lobed leaves. In addition, there are many hybrids and variegated varieties that have become very popular among collectors.
Origin
Philodendrons are native to the tropical forests of Central and South America. Some species start their lives on the ground and then climb up trees using their aerial roots, while others grow bush-like at ground level. This versatility explains why Philodendrons are so adaptable in the home, with varieties that thrive on window sills, in large floor pots, or as winding climbers on trellises.
Philodendron in the home
Philodendron is one of the easiest tropical plants to care for and is suitable for both beginners and experienced collectors. It gives the home a lush and harmonious feel, while the variety within the genus means that there is a variety for every taste. Small heart-shaped varieties can be used in hanging baskets or bookshelves, while larger species can become dramatic eye-catchers in living rooms. Philodendrons are also known to purify the air, making them both a decorative and healthy addition to the home.
Location and light
Philodendron thrives best in bright but indirect light. Too much sun can burn the leaves, while too little light will cause it to grow slowly and become leggy. Most species are adaptable and can also tolerate partial shade, making them ideal for rooms where the light is not as strong. Climbing varieties do well with the support of a moss stick or trellis so that they can develop their aerial roots.
Temperature
The optimum temperature for Philodendron is between 18 and 28 degrees. Most species can handle normal room temperatures well, but prolonged temperatures below 15 degrees can inhibit growth and damage the leaves. They should not be placed near radiators or in drafts as this can cause brown leaf edges.
Humidity
Philodendron appreciates a humidity of 50 to 70 percent. Most species can handle normal indoor air but will do even better if you increase the humidity. During the winter, when the air is dry, you can shower the leaves with lukewarm water, use a humidifier or place the plant on a saucer with clay balls and water. Large leaves also benefit from being wiped down regularly, both to keep them clean and to prevent pests.
Watering
Philodendron likes to have even moisture in the soil but not stand in water. Let the top layer of soil dry before watering again. During the summer it needs more water when growth is active, while in the winter it can do with less. A good tip is to feel with your finger a few centimeters into the soil, if it feels dry it is time to water. Overwatering easily leads to root rot, especially in large pots.
Fertilization
For best growth, Philodendron should be fertilized regularly during the growing season, from spring to early autumn. A liquid green plant food every two weeks is sufficient. During the winter, fertilization can be reduced or paused as the plant enters a quieter period.
Transplantation
Philodendron needs to be repotted every two to three years, depending on how fast it grows. Use an airy soil mix consisting of potting soil mixed with coconut fiber, bark or perlite to improve drainage. The plant does not like to stand in compacted soil that holds too much water. When repotting, you can take the opportunity to give it a larger pot or a new support to climb on.
Pest
Philodendron can be attacked by thrips, mealybugs and spider mites. Prevent this by keeping the plant clean and providing it with the right humidity. If you notice small dots, sticky leaves or cotton-like lumps, you should act quickly. Shower the plant, treat with soapy water and isolate it from other plants until the infestation is gone. By wiping the leaves regularly, you reduce the risk of pests.
Proliferation
Philodendron is one of the most grateful plants to propagate. Cut a top cutting below a node where a leaf and an aerial root are located. The cutting can be placed in water until roots develop, which often takes two to four weeks. When the roots are a few centimeters long, the cutting is planted in soil. You can also place the cutting directly in moist soil, but then it is important to maintain high humidity, for example by covering the pot with a plastic bag or placing it in a mini greenhouse. Climbing species such as Philodendron hederaceum are particularly easy to propagate in this way and are therefore perfect for sharing with friends.